lunes, 23 de enero de 2017

Phrasal Verbs


Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verbs are mainly used in spoken English and informal texts. (The more formal a conversation or text, the less phrasal verbs are found.)
Phrasal verbs consist of a verb plus a particle (prepositionadverb). The particle can change the meaning of the verb completely, e.g.:
  • look up – consult a reference book (look a word up in a dictionary)
  • look for – seek (look for her ring)
  • look forward – anticipate with pleasure (look forward to meeting someone)
There are no rules that might explain how phrasal verbs are formed correctly - all you can do is look them up in a good dictionary and study their meanings. In our lists, you will find some frequently used phrasal verbs and their meanings.

Frequently Used Phrasal Verbs with:

Position of the Particle

The particle is placed either after the verb or after the object.
Example:
Write down the word. / Write the word down.
If the object is a pronoun, however, the particle has to be placed after the pronoun (object).
Example:
Write it down.

Exercises on Phrasal Verbs


taken from https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/phrasal-verbs

LISTENING EXERCISES



EXERCISE 1

EXERCISE 2

EXERCISE 3

EXERCISE 4


sábado, 14 de enero de 2017

PRESENT SIMPLE VS PRESENT CONTINUOUS



In general or right now?
Do you want to express that something happens in general or that something is happening right now?
Simple Present
Present Progressive
in general (regularly, often, never)
Colin plays football every Tuesday.
present actions happening one after another
First Colin plays football, then he watches TV.
right now
Look! Colin is playing football now.
also for several actions happening at the same time
Colin is playing football and Anne is watching.
Signal words
§  always
§  every ...
§  often
§  normally
§  usually
§  sometimes
§  seldom
§  never
§  first
§  then
§  at the moment
§  at this moment
§  today
§  now
§  right now
§  Listen!
§  Look!
Note: The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present:
be, have, hear, know, like, love, see, smell, think, want




Daily routine or just for a limited period of time?

Do you want to talk about a daily routine? Or do you want to emphasis that something is only going on for a limited (rather short) period of time?
Simple Present
Present Progressive
daily routine
Bob works in a restaurant.
only for a limited period of time (does not have to happen directly at the moment of speaking)
Jenny is working in a restaurant this week.

Timetable / Schedule or arrangement?
Do you want to express that something is arranged for the near future? Or do you refer to a time set by a timetable or schedule?
Simple Present
Present Progressive
action set by a timetable or schedule
The film starts at 8 pm.
arrangement for the near future
I am going to the cinema tonight.

Certain Verbs
The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present (not in the progressive form).
§  state: be, cost, fit, mean, suit
Example: We are on holiday.
§  possession: belong, have
Example: Sam has a cat.
§  senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch
Example: He feels the cold.
§  feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish
Example: Jane loves pizza.
§  brain work: believe, know, think, understand
Example: I believe you.
§  Introductory clauses for direct speech: answer, ask, reply, say
Example: “I am watching TV,“ he says.
Text. Simple Present or Present Progressive.
    
      Look! Jenny ____________________ (go) to school. On her back, Jenny _________________________ (carry) her school bag. The school bag _______________ (be) very heavy. Normally, Jenny __________________ (wear) black shoes, but today she ___________________ (wear) red wellies. And look, she __________________ (wear) a raincoat because it __________________ (rain) outside. Jenny ____________________(not / want) to get wet.


     Maria __________________ (want) to improve her English. Therefore, she _______________________ (do) a language course in London at the moment. She ________________________ (stay) with a host family and __________________ (must) take the tube to get to her language school. It __________________ (be) only a five-minute walk to the nearest tube station. The tube ______________________ (leave) at half past eight.
The first lesson _________________ (begin) at 9 o'clock. In the afternoons, the school ________________(offer) 
sightseeing tours in and around London. Tomorrow, the students of the language school ________________ (go) to Windsor.


Complete the sentences. Use Simple Present or Present Progressive.

     I __________________ (live) in London. This weekend, I ____________________ (visit) my friends in Brighton.
The train to Brighton _____________________ (leave) London at 6.45 in the morning.
In the early afternoon, we ____________ (want) to go on a sightseeing tour. In the evening, we __________ (go) to a concert. The concert __________________ (start) at 8 o'clock. I _______________________ (come) back to London on Sunday. My train _________________ (arrive) in London at 7.50 in the evening.



A.      Decide whether to use the simple present or the present progressive.
             WATCH                            
1.       Don’t switch off the TV! I ____________________________________it.
2.       I love that programme! I _______________________________________ it every week.
DO
3.       Can you call me back later? I ___________________________________________ my homework in this moment.
4.       I try to keep fit. I _____________________________yoga and aerobics every day.
PLAY
5.       I love tennis but I ____________________________badly.
6.       Sorry, I can’t hear you because Matthew _________________________________ the piano right now.

WRITE
7.       I ____________________________ about twenty text messages a day, usually to friends.
8.       She _______________________________ a book at the moment. It will be published next year.

WORK
9.       Daddy can’t come home now. He _________________________________________late at the office.
10.   Usually he ______________________ from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. from Monday to Friday.

MAKE
11.   I like to spend time with my friends. That’s what _________________________ me happy.
12.   I _____________________________________ some coffee. Do you want some?

HAVE
13.   She loves school. She ______________________________ a lot of friends.
14.   Jill _____________________________________some problems with her phone. Can you check it?

GET
15.   He only met his real father last month. They ______________________ to know each other now.
16.   In the UK about 50% of married couples ___________________________________ divorced.

             READ
17.   She always __________________________ a book to her son before he goes to sleep.
18.   I ____________________________________________ a new book at the moment. It is really good.

VISIT
19.   Hi Tim! I’m in town for a week.  I ____________________________________an old friend.
20.   When we go to London we usually ___________________________________the National Gallery.


INDIRECT QUESTIONS



'Yes / no' questions for tenses with inversion:

Verb TenseDirect QuestionIndirect Question
Present simple with 'be'Is he Spanish?Can you tell me if he is Spanish?
Present continuousIs the restaurant closing now?Can you tell me if the restaurant is closing now?
Past simple with 'be'Was he late for the meeting?Can you tell me if he was late for the meeting?
Past continuousWere you watching TV at 3pm?Can you tell me if you were watching TV at 3pm?
Present perfectHas Lucy been to Mexico?Can you tell me if Lucy has been to Mexico?
Present perfect continuousHas she been living here long?Can you tell me if she has been living here long?
Past perfectHad she found this job when she moved here?Can you tell me if she had found this job when she moved here?
Past perfect continuousHad she been living here long when she met you?Can you tell me if she had been living here long when she met you?
Future simple with 'will'Will she start her new job next week?Can you tell me if she will start her new job next week?
Future simple with 'going to'Is it going to rain later?Can you tell me if it is going to rain later?
Future continuousWill Lisa be meeting the boss later?Can you tell me if Lisa will be meeting the boss later?
Future perfectWill he have finished the report by tonight?Can you tell me if he will have finished the report by tonight?
Future perfect continuousWill he have been studying French for twenty years when he retires?Can you tell me if he will have been studying French for twenty years when he retires?
Modal verbsShould we start now?Can you tell me if we should start now?


Verb TenseDirect QuestionIndirect Question
Present simple with any verb except 'be'Does David live in London?Can you tell me if David lives in London?
Past simple with any verb except 'be'Did Amanda call John yesterday?Can you tell me if Amanda called John yesterday?

Verb TenseDirect QuestionIndirect Question
Present simple with 'be'Why is he unhappy?Can you tell me why he is unhappy?
Present continuousWhen is the restaurant closing?Can you tell me when the restaurant is closing?
Past simple with 'be'Why was he late for the meeting?Can you tell me why he was late for the meeting?
Past continuousWhat were you doing at 3pm?Can you tell me what you were doing at 3pm?
Present perfectWhere has Lucy been?Can you tell me where Lucy has been?
Present perfect continuousHow long has she been living here?Can you tell me how long she has been living here?
Past perfectWhy had she quit her job before she moved here?Can you tell me why she had quit her job before she moved here?
Past perfect continuousHow long had she been living here when she met you?Can you tell me how long she had been living here when she met you?
Future simple with 'will'When will she start her new job?Can you tell me when she will start her new job?
Future simple with 'going to'When is it going to rain?Can you tell me when it is going to rain?
Future continuousWhat time will Lisa be meeting the boss?Can you tell me what time Lisa will be meeting the boss?
Future perfectWhen will he have finished the report?Can you tell me when he will have finished the report?
Future perfect continuousHow long will he have been studying French when he retires?Can you tell me how long he will have been studying French when he retires?
Modal verbsWhat should we do now?Can you tell me what we should do now?

Verb TenseDirect QuestionIndirect Question
Present simple with any verb except 'be'Where does David live?Can you tell me where David lives?
Past simple with any verb except 'be'Why did Amanda call John yesterday?Can you tell me why Amanda called John yesterday?

taken from http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/indirect-questions.html

lunes, 2 de enero de 2017

EXAMPLES OF NARRATIVE ENDINGS


CIRCULAR 
The story circles back to the beginning. Sometimes an author will end with the same idea or similar or exact words as the beginning of the story.

SURPRISE 
The story takes you where you didn't expect it to go. Sometimes this ending is called a twist ending because the story takes an exciting turn.

LESSON OR MORAL
The main character in the story grows, changes, or learns something at the end of the story.

WARM FUZZY / CAPTURING EMOTION
The story ends leaving you feeling emotional or good inside. A good writer tugs at the heart strings to make the reader feel something.

REFLECTION
The narrator of the story steps back on an experience and determines the importance of that experience, what was learnt, etc.

CLIFFHANGER
The story end by leaving the reader hanging or wanting more. Writer use this strategy to tease readers or excite them into reading more. (A series)

QUESTION
 The story ends with a question to keep the reader thinking. The question usually involves the reader, and writers use this strategy to make their writing memorable.  

FUNNY THOUGHT / HUMOR
The story ends with a funny thought or sometimes that makes the reader laugh. This helps to make the ending more memorable to the reader.

IMAGE
The story ends with an important scene that the writer shows the reader through vivid details. by showing and not telling, the writer touches the reader's emotions and conveys a mood.

DIALOGUE
The story ends with an important conversation or quote. by ending with a quote, the writer captivates the audience by making the characters more realistic and revealing their personalities


FLOWERS



HELLO?



USE THEM PROPERLY



WERE YOU REALLY AWARE OF THE DIFFERENCE?



KINDS OF TABLES


DO YOU KNOW ALL OF THEM?



PHRASES YOU HEAR AT THE AIRPORT




Resultado de imagen para AIRPORT

1. What's the purpose of your trip?
     Business  /  Study  /  Pleasure

     (You hear this questions when you arrive)

2. Did you pack this bag yourself?
   This question asks about who put things into your bag.
    You should always answer "YES".

3. Please do not leave any bags unattended.
   Keep your bag with you all the time. Dont' leave it anywhere.

4.Flight _______ is now boarding.
  You can now go to get onto the plane.

5. Flight ____________ has been calncelled.
   This flight will not leave. The airline has stopped it.

6. Flight _____________ has been delayed.
    The flight is going to be late.

7. Would passenger _________ please come to...
    If that is your name address to an information desk.

8.This is the final call to flight _________.
    This flight will leave soon, go quickly to your gate.

9. Please make your way to gate ________.
    Go to that gate number.